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Regarding _XML_Schema_Part_1:_Structures_Second_Edition at http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-1-20041028/: Section 3.3.6 refers to the {prohibited substitutions} property of an element declaration: Schema Component Constraint: Substitution Group OK (Transitive) ... [an] element declaration (call it C) ... ... 2.3 ... C's {prohibited substitutions} (if C is complex ...) ... However, an element declaration has no {prohibited substitutions} property. (Element declarations have {disallowed substitution}; complex type definitions have {prohibited substitutions}.) Evidentally, that text was supposed to read either: ... C's {type definition}'s {prohibited substitutions} ... or ... C's {disallowed substitutions} ... It seems that the former is the intended meaning (since C's {prohibited substitutions} value is "passed in" as the blocking constraint when the "Substitution Group OK (Transitive)" rule is invoked from the "Element Sequence Locally Valid (Particle)" rule). Also, where it says "if C is complex," shouldn't that be "if C's {type definition} is complex"?