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At the end of the last function invocation of the supplied expression for https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-functions-31/#func-map-merge, there seems to be a closing parenthesis ')' missing. Relevant part: [...] return fn:fold-left($MAPS, map{}, $combine-maps(?, ?, $duplicates-handler(($OPTIONS?duplicates, "use-first")[1])) ^here