The Web as Unifying Force in Europe
Jean-François Abramatic
W3C10 Europe
3 June 2004
The Web as Unifying Force in Europe
Dan Applequist (Vodafone) - Where the Web meets Mobile
Telecommunications
Richard Ishida (W3C) - The Challenge of
Internationalization
Keith Jeffery (ERCIM) - GRIDs and the World Wide
Web
Moderator: Jean-François Abramatic (ILOG)
Where the Web meets Mobile Telecommunications
![Dan Applequist photo](https://www.w3.org/2005/04/Daniel_Appelquist.jpeg)
Dan Applequist, Senior Technology Strategist, Vodafone Group Services
Limited
The Past of the Web –A Personal Perspective
- History linked to High-Energy Physics
- 1991: Paul Ginsparg’sarXivpreprint service (LaTeX)
- 1994: the Year the Web started to make headlines; W3C
- Scientific publishers running scared
- E-Doc: created to bring these publishers on-line
- Worked with Nature, AAAS (Science), American Physical Society,
Springer-Verlag, etc.
- Maintained the “Electronic Journals”section of the WWW Virtual
Library
- E-Doc subsequently sold to CadmusJournal Systems in Baltimore
- Surprise: the world didn’t explode!
- Scientific journals are still here and have embraced electronic
distribution –peer review didn’t go away
- Electronic pre-print services such as arXivstill thrive and are
essential to their communities
Fast Forward
- Are content providers still scared of cannibalizing their traditional
revenue streams?
- Yes, but the focus has shifted to Music, Movies, etc.
- Meanwhile, “The Web”has evolved
- Ubiquitous in peoples’lives –people who have computers
- People less say “I am going to use the Web” but say “I’ll
check it on Amazon” or “I’ll look it up on Wikipedia” or “I
Googledit.”
- Proliferation of user-generated content –blogging, podcasting
Web-based services available and used by millions on mobile phones
- Walled Gardens
- Specific services targeted towards mobile users (or a particular
handset)
- Presentation and application conventions that have grown up around
“The Web”don’t work on Mobile
Some Figures on Mobile Connectivity
- Mobile phones in service ~ 1300
million
- eMailboxes ~ 1000 million
- PCs installed ~ 700 million
- Internet Users ~ 600 million
- Mobile Internet Users ~ 180
million
- Broadband Households ~ 80 million
Vodafone’s Global Reach
![Vodafone Global Reach](vodafone-global-reach.jpg)
Reach 150 million proportionate mobile customers across its markets
GSM Operators’Commitment to Open Standards
- GSM Standard created in Europe (1982-1990) by ETSI group
- Has become the backbone of mobile telecommunications in Europe
- “Son of GSM” 3G standard take this further
- Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS)
- Managed by 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP)
- More than 1 billion customers on GSM
- Advantages:
- Interoperable hardware and systems, more consistent user
experience
- Rapid market growth, ubiquity of service
Vodafone Live!
![Vodafone live!](vodafone-live.jpg)
- Mobile Portal
- Leverages W3C Technologies
- Walled Garden
- Access to content and services
- Today in 15 markets
- Over 6m customers
Challenges of the Mobile Web
- Despite high market penetration of Internet-capable mobile phones,
usage of mobile Internet services is not as wide-spread as from fixed
terminals
- Extra costs involved in developing services that work on mobile
- Services developed for Web cannot simply be transplanted to
Mobile
- Multiplicity of devices, form factors, browsers, capabilities
- Constrained bandwidth, high latency
- Limited attention of the user, one-handed operation
- Mobile users’ needs are different
- Mobile Web Initiative established in May 2005 to address these issues
- Vodafone has been instrumental in planning the initiative and,
along with France Telecom and HP, is a founder premium sponsor
- Goal: dramatically increase the breadth and quality of Web
experience available on the mobile handset
- Establish best practices for developing mobile content; make it
easier to adapt content to different device capabilities
What does the future of the Web look like?
- “The Web” becomes even more ubiquitous and pervasive
- “Appliance like” services that “just work”
- Sophisticated services are easier to develop
- Democratizing factors
- Increasing amount of sophisticated services available on Mobile
browsers
- Web-capable phones and other mobile devices eclipse “fixed”Web
platforms
- MWI, Compound Documents, Web Applications groups
- Work to create better user experiences across the Web
- Multimodal
- Attack the usability issues of mobile platforms
- Semantic Web
- Content and applications become increasingly described
semantically
- Enables sophisticated content discovery
- Enables a new class of application that discover and accesses
applications and information on your behalf
- Enablers (such as identity, payment and content adaptation) exposed by
service providers as Web Services
XML Compound Documents
- Two phones, two sizes, two browsers, two renderings, the same
markup
![XML coumpound documents](compound.jpg)
Thank you!
The Challenge of Internationalization
![Richard Ishida photo](https://www.w3.org/2005/04/Richard_Ishida.jpeg)
Richard Ishida, Internationalization Activity Lead, W3C
Presentation at: http://www.w3.org/2005/Talks/0603-ri-w3c10/
GRIDs and the World Wide Web
![Keith Jeffery photo](https://www.w3.org/2005/04/Keith_Jeffery.jpeg)
Keith Jeffery, President, European Research Consortium for Informatics and
Mathematics (ERCIM)
![Flags of Countries Represented in ERCIM](http://www.ercim.org/icons/flags.gif)
![ERCIM logo](http://www.ercim.org/publication/logos/logo-big.gif)
Agenda
ERCIM: Members
ERCIM is a consortium of leading research
institutions from 18 European countries committed to information technology
and applied mathematics.
![Map of ERCIM Members](ercimmembers.gif)
ERCIM: Members
- ***Founding Member
- **Member of ERCIM EEIG
|
Member |
Country |
Size* |
Member since |
** |
INRIA |
France |
2500 |
1989*** |
** |
FhG (ICT) |
Germany |
2300 |
1989*** |
|
SpaRCIM |
Spain |
1000 |
2003 |
|
FWO/FNRS |
Belgium |
1000 |
2004 |
|
NTNU |
Norway |
800 |
2002 |
** |
CNR (IT) |
Italy |
600 |
1991 |
|
SARIT |
Switzerland |
500 |
1994 |
|
AARIT |
Austria |
500 |
2001 |
|
VTT (IT) |
Finland |
450 |
1993 |
|
CRCIM |
Czech Republic |
400 |
1996 |
|
SZTAKI |
Hungary |
350 |
1994 |
** |
CCLRC (IT) |
United Kingdom |
300 |
1990 |
** |
FORTH (IT) |
Greece |
250 |
1992 |
** |
CWI |
The Netherlands |
250 |
1989*** |
|
SRCIM |
Slovakia |
250 |
1998 |
|
SICS |
Sweden |
200 |
1992 |
|
IUC |
Ireland |
200 |
2000 |
|
FNR |
Luxembourg |
150 |
2002 |
|
Total |
|
12,000 |
|
*estimated staff in areas relevant to ERCIM
ERCIM: New Structure
![Organizational Chart](orgchart.gif)
Agenda
Meantime...
![Cover of book: The Grid Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure](cover.png)
- US GRID: Metacomputing
- No information management
- No user interface aspects
- Poor trust and security
- → so obvious to bring GRID and WWW together
- → computation + information
The GRIDs Architecture
![GRID Stack](stack.png)
The GRIDs Architecture (2)
![GRID Stack, Continued](stack2.png)
The Big Idea: What it Provides
![Big Idea](bigidea.png)
A Possible Architecture
![Possible Architecture](possiblearch.png)
A Brief History of GRIDs
1G: custom-made architecture machines to user Pioneering
metacomputing |
|
2G: proprietary standards and interfaces
- I-WAY → GLOBUS, UNICORE, CONDOR
- LEGION → AVAKI
|
![e-Science Apps](larr1.png) |
3G: adopted W3C concepts for open
interfaces - OGSA / OGSI: note especially OGSA/DAI: But built on 2.G
foundations |
![e-Science R and D](larr2.png) |
But ...
- This comes nowhere near the requirements as originally defined for
GRIDs
- Too low-level (programmer not end-user level)
- Insufficient representativity
- Insufficient expressivity
- Insufficient resilience
- Insufficient dynamic flexibility
- → EC Next Generation GRIDs Expert Group
Agenda
Next Generation GRIDs
- End user interacts with system intelligently to determine user
requirement
- System proposes a 'deal' by obtaining resources for computation,
information, detectors, communications, user interface technology with
any constraints (rights, security) and charges
- System is self*
- System has trust and security
- System delivers results in right form at right place at right time
- System provides explanation with results and allows interactive
intelligent dialogue
And This System Is ...
- GRIDs concept - overall architecture
- Metadata, agents, brokers, P2P, resource scheduling
- WWW
- Semantic Web
- Ontologies, intelligent user interface
- Interoperation
- Web of Trust
- Bona fides, offers, contracts
- Electronic IDs, single sign-on
- Identification, authentication, authorisation
- Web Services
- Identification
- Location
- Composition
Where Now?
- WWW has its own purpose and development
- Information management
- Semantics, trust, user interface (WAI)
- GRID has its own purpose and development
- Next Generation GRIDs provides a great fusion of capability
- All the above: 'the whole is greater than the sum of its parts'
- But not possible without WWW developments managed through W3C
Next Session
Tim Berners-Lee Keynote
All W3C10 Europe Sessions