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Technique PDF13:Providing replacement text using the /Alt entry for links in PDF documents

About this Technique

This technique relates to:

This technique applies to tagged PDF documents that contain links.

Description

The objective of this technique is to provide replacement link text via the /Alt entry in the property list for a tag. This is usually not necessary, but in some situations, additional information beyond the visible link text is needed, particularly for screen reader users. Screen readers can read visible link text, but replacing the screen text with meaningful alternate text for links in a PDF document can make links more accessible.

Links in PDF documents are represented by a Link tag and objects in its sub-tree, consisting of a link object reference (or Link annotation) and one or more text objects. The text object or objects inside the Link tag are used by assistive technologies to provide a name for the link.

Authors can replace the default link text by providing an /Alt entry for the Link tag. When the Link tag has an /Alt entry, screen readers ignore the value of any visible text objects in the Link tag and use the /Alt entry value for the link text.

The simplest way to provide context-independent link text that complies with the WCAG 2.0 success criteria is to create them when authoring the document, before conversion to PDF. In some cases, it may not be possible to create the links using the original authoring tool. When editing PDF documents with Adobe Acrobat Pro, the best way to create accessible links is to use the Create Link command.

Authors should make sure that the alternate text makes sense in context of the screen text before and after the link.

Examples

Example 2: Adding alternate link text in a PDF document using the /Alt entry

The following code fragment illustrates code that is typical for alternative text for a link. This is typically accomplished by an authoring tool.

32 0 obj
<<
  /S/URI                                       %Action type (required), must be URI for a URI action
  /URI(http://www.boston.com/business/technology/)  %Uniform resource identifier(required), the URI to be resolved
>>
endobj

The following illustrates how to specify alternate text for the URL in the above link:

11 0 obj
<<
  /Alt(Boston Globe technology page)    %Alternate text entry
  /K [ 1                                                      
       <<
         /Obj 27 0 R
         /Type /OBJR            %Object reference to the link
       >>
       ]                       
  /P 12 0 R
  /Pg 18 0 R
  /S
  /Link
>>
endobj

Related Resources

No endorsement implied.

Tests

Procedure

  1. For the hyperlink, verify that the alternate link text is properly coded by one of the following:

    • Read the PDF document with a screen reader, listening to hear that the alternate link text is read correctly.
    • Use a tool that is capable of showing the /Alt entry to open the PDF document and view the hyperlink and alternate link text.
    • Use a tool that exposes the document through the accessibility API and verify that the alternate link text is the text for the link.

Expected Results

  • #1 is true.
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