Easy-to-Read on the Web
Online Symposium 3 December 2012
Page Contents
Introduction
This symposium brought together researchers, practitioners, content authors, designers, developers, and users with disabilities to share research-based experiences, including examples, tools, concepts, and ideas, on how to make information on the Web easier to understand by different audiences. The symposium aimed to explore the user needs and state of the art in research, development, and practice to contribute to a common understanding of easy-to-read on the Web. It is intended to encourage the development of better guidance, support, and tools for developers, designers, and users, and to inform researchers, standards developers, and policy makers on how to better address easy-to-read on the Web. In particular, it is intended to analyze how to better connect, elaborate, and integrate the user needs in web accessibility guidelines and techniques.
Proceedings
[Draft] Consolidated Research Report
Research Report on Easy to Read on the Web, Editor Draft 23 January 2014.
Text Transcript of the Symposium
Text transcript of the online symposium on 3 December 2012.
Contributed Extended Abstracts
Easy-to-Read Guidelines and Impact on WCAG 2.0:
- Easy-to-Read and Plain Language: Defining Criteria and Refining Rules
- Kerstin Matausch, Competence network information technology to support the integration of people with disabilities (KI-I)
- Annika Nietzio, Forschungsinstitut Technologie und Behinderung (FTB) der Evangelischen Stiftung Volmarstein
- Some Challenges for developing an Easy-to-Read Website
- Sami Älli. FAIDD / Papunet Web Service Unit
- Guidelines or standards for Easy-to-read?
- Leealaura Leskela, FAIDD / The Plain Language Centre
Tools for Easy-to-Read:
- Bridging the Gap between Pictographs and Natural Language
- Vincent Vandeghinste, Centre for Computational Linguistics, University of Leuven
- Reporting Simply: A Lexical Simplification Strategy for Enhancing Text Accessibility
- Biljana Drndarevic, Universitat Pompeu Fabra
- Sanja Štajner, University of Wolverhampton
- Horacio Saggion, Universitat Pompeu Fabra
- Improving the Readability of User-generated Content in Web Games Using Text Normalisation
- Alejandro Mosquera, University of Alicante
- Paloma Moreda, University of Alicante
- Easy-to-read text characteristics across genres
- Katarina Mühlenbock. DART, Sahlgrenska University Hospital
- Mats Lundälv. DART, Sahlgrenska University Hospital
- Sandra Derbring. DART, Sahlgrenska University Hospital
- Calculating text complexity during the authoring phase
- Licia Sbattella, Politecnico di Milano - Dip. di Elettronica e Informazione
- Roberto Tedesco, Politecnico di Milano - MultiChancePoliTeam
- Evaluation of Terminology Labeling Impact over Readability
- Vasile Topac, Politehnica University of Timisoara
- Vasile Stoicu-Tivadar, Politehnica University of Timisoara
- MIA - My Internet Assistant for successfully reading and using web content
- Thea van der Geest, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Jana Becker, MSc University of Twente, The Netherlands
Workflow, Process and Services of Easy-to-Read:
- Accessibility 2.0 - Providing improved Access to text information for People with cognitive and intellectual disabilities by user generated content
- Michael Schaten, TU Dortmund, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Chair for Rehabilitation Technology
- Including Easy to Read, Legibility and Readability into Web Engineering
- Klaus Miesenberger, University of Linz
- Kerstin Matausch, Competence network information technology to support the integration of people with disabilities (KI-I)
- Andrea Petz, University of Linz
- Social Networking Service for People with Cognitive or Speech and Language Impairments
- Timo Övermark, The Finnish Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (FAIDD)
- Reading Adaptations for People with Cognitive Disabilities: Opportunities
- Clayton Lewis, University of Colorado
- Jeffery Hoehl, University of Colorado
Background
Providing information in a way that can be understood by the majority of users is an essential aspect of accessibility for people with disabilities. This includes rules, guidelines, and recommendations for authoring text, structuring information, enriching content with images and multimedia, and designing layout to meet these requirements.
This domain is commonly referred to "Easy to Read". Considerable work has been done in this field and different approaches, tools, and heuristics have emerged. This includes the development of different guidelines, rules, and recommendations such as those listed in European Standards for making information easy to read and understand.
However, more research is needed to better understand the accessibility needs of the users, to analyze the different approaches, and to propose a way forward in providing more comprehensive access to language on the Web.
In parallel, other research fields share similar goals or include complementary development. For example, research in usability on the Web contributed to the concept of Plain Language and the development of different methods and tools to measure readability. This domain also provides a wide spectrum of guidelines and methods to make the Web easier to use, such as design guidelines for homepage usability and international user interfaces. These invite investigation regarding overlap with the needs of users with cognitive disabilities.
The domains of linguistics and language technologies, including Natural Language Processing (NLP), have made significant progress in grammar & style-checking (sometimes called Controlled Language), translation, annotation, enhancement, and summarizing. Compelling research and sophisticated tools have been developed to support content authors and users, and there is apparent mutual benefit of further investigating the deployment of these tools in the domain of easy-to-read.
Finally, research and development in Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) provides a related set of resources on user requirements, guidelines, methods, techniques and tools for the use of language, including the use of symbol systems and symbolic languages. While this primarily addresses a more specific group of users the research, experience, and tools from this domain could benefit easy-to-read for a wider audience.
But still easy-to-read on the Web today is first of all driven by day to day practice of translating information (on demand). More research is needed to better understand the needs of the users, to analyze and compare the different approaches, to come to a common definition, and to propose a way forward in providing more comprehensive access to language on the Web.
Further background is available on the RDWG wiki page on easy-to-read.
User Group
- People with cognitive disabilities related to functionality such as
- Memory
- Problem solving (conceptualizing, planning, sequencing, reasoning and judging thoughts and actions)
- Attention (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD) and awareness
- Reading, linguistic, and verbal comprehension (Dyslexia)
- Visual Comprehension
- Mental health disabilities
- People with low language skills including people who are not fluent in a language
- People with auditory disabilities that impact reading of written language
Objectives
The main objectives of this symposium are to:
- Outline and share a definition of easy-to-read
- Describe, define, and compare the needs of different user groups regarding easy-to-read
- Analyze the current state of the art (guidelines, examples, tools, concepts, and ideas) in the field of easy-to-read on the Web and to propose how to make information on the Web easier to understand as well as discussing easy-to-read as an aspect of mainstream, design for all or individualized adaptations
- Integrate easy-to-read into web accessibility guidelines and standards
- Provide guidance to standards developers and policy makers on how to better consider and address the user needs
- Encourage the continued development of tools, techniques, and implementations to support people with disabilities
- Identify lack of research and encourage further research on easy-to-read on the Web
Beyond these core objectives the symposium welcomes contributions addressing questions like tool support, research and development in linguistics, language technologies, and natural language processing as well as concepts and models for implementation of easy-to-read in practice.
Organization
This symposium is organized by the W3C/WAI Research and Development Working Group (RDWG). For information about RDWG, see the RDWG FAQ. If you have additional questions, contact Shadi Abou-Zahra (W3C Staff Contact).
Symposium Chairs
- Klaus Miesenberger, University of Linz, Institute Integriert Studieren
- Andrea Petz, University of Linz, Institute Integriert Studieren
- Kerstin Matausch, KI-I
Scientific Committee
- Shadi Abou-Zahra (W3C/WAI)
- Sami Älli (FAIDD, Papunet Web Service Unit)
- Ulla Bohman (The Centre for Easy-to-Read)
- Christian Bühler (TU Dortmund)
- Christian Galinski (InfoTerm Austria)
- Shawn Henry (W3C/WAI)
- Leealaura Leskelä (The Plain Language Centre)
- Mats Lundälv (DART)
- Annika Nietzio (Forschungsinstitut Technologie und Behinderung (FTB) der Evangelischen Stiftung Volmarstein)
- Birgit Peböck, (KI-I)
- Luz Rello (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)
- Felix Sasaki (DFKI GmbH)