Gap Analysis/ADHD
Description
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting both children and adults. It is characterized by some persistent (lasting at least 6 months) symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention that significantly impacts on daily life or typical development. The symptoms frequently occur in more than one environment (e.g. in work and at home) and they must not be appropriate for the age of the individual. The symptoms should also cause social, educational or work related issues (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Review of the available literature suggest that ADHD is not viewed as single impairment / disease entity, but people with ADHD can be considered as a heterogeneous group of individuals defined by a series of behavioural symptoms. The symptoms presented vary in type and intensity between individuals with ADHD and may vary in type and intensity with time for a given individual.
Cognitive functions
Difficulty in remaining seated Difficulty awaiting turn or standing in line. Runs about or climbs excessively when it is inappropriate. Talks excessively: blurts out answers before questions have been completed. Tendency to interrupt: interrupts or intrudes on others, such as butting into conversations or games. Difficulty engaging in quiet activities.
Symptoms
symptoms of inattention, impulsiveness, irritability, intolerance, and frustration. often forgetful of daily duties, instructions, orders, and recommendations. Difficulties in recalling general information, even with intense effort.
Their challenges
- They demand attention by talking out of turn or moving around the room.
- They have trouble following instructions, especially when they’re presented in a list.
- They often forget to write down homework assignments, do them, or bring completed work to school.
- They often lack fine motor control, which makes note-taking difficult and handwriting a trial to read.
- They often have trouble with operations that require ordered steps, such as long division or solving equations.
- They usually have problems with long-term projects where there is no direct supervision.
- They don’t pull their weight during group work and may even keep a group from accomplishing its task.
Some persona with use case that address key challenges
To do: Add persona and scenario
To do: Add table of ICT Steps and challenges.
| Step | Challenge | |
|---|---|---|
How they use the web and ICT to include: Email, apps, voice systems, IM
apps such as Timers and To-Do Lists to remind them of activities Email to send items to themselves as reminders for follow-up VM - Same as email, send a voice mail as a reminder.
How people with cognitive disabilities use optimized content and special pages
To do: Add examples with descriptions of features
Characteristics of content optimized for this group
To do: Add descriptions of key features and how it helps users overcome challenges
Specific technologies (reference section bellow and how they use it differently)
Many resources/experts suggest using a smartphone with a calendar and to-do list. These can also be used as timers and alarms for limiting time on tasks (work, homework, TV, internet, reading) and can also be used as an alarm system to time leaving for school or work - not just for getting out of bed.
The editors of HealthLine curated a list of the 16 best ADHD apps at http://www.healthline.com/health-slideshow/top-adhd-android-iphone-apps#1
Summary Existing research and guidelines
To do: Add literary summary and insert guidelines and or references
Extent to which current needs are met
To do: Review challenges and describe where needs are met. Identify gaps
Potentials and possibilities
To do: Add ideas for filling gaps
Prevalence
To do: Add section
Percent of Youth Aged 4-17 with Current Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder by State: National Survey of Children's Health - US 8.8 (3)
References to research.
LD/ADHD stuff: http://www.catea.gatech.edu/scitrain/science/modules/adhd/introduction.php http://www.catea.gatech.edu/scitrain/science/modules/ld/module8_1.php
References:
# 1) https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CEYQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK64203%2F&ei=mB9IU7iwE-ez8AH6mYDABw&usg=AFQjCNFy7w32udum9OGTHqToONoYaaq9NQ&sig2=YatAY4Cy9qynVmgMoLuDSA&bvm=bv.64542518,d.b2U # 2) http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2011/10/14/peds.2011-2654.full.pdf # 3) http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/prevalence.html # 4) http://www.additudemag.com/ - Attention Deficit Disorder on-line magazine # 5)