HTML Accessibility API Mappings 1.0

W3C Working Draft

More details about this document
This version:
https://www.w3.org/TR/2022/WD-html-aam-1.0-20220413/
Latest published version:
https://www.w3.org/TR/html-aam-1.0/
Latest editor's draft:
https://w3c.github.io/html-aam/
History:
https://www.w3.org/standards/history/html-aam-1.0
Commit history
Editors:
Steve Faulkner (TPGi)
Scott O'Hara (Microsoft)
Former editors:
Alexander Surkov (Mozilla Foundation) (until August 2018)
Bogdan Brinza (Microsoft) (until July 2018)
Jason Kiss (Invited Expert) (until June 2018)
Cynthia Shelly (Microsoft) (until September 2013)
Feedback:
GitHub w3c/html-aam (pull requests, new issue, open issues)

Copyright © 2015-2022 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio, Beihang). W3C liability, trademark and permissive document license rules apply.

Abstract

HTML Accessibility API Mappings (HTML-AAM) defines how user agents map HTML [HTML] elements and attributes to platform accessibility application programming interfaces (APIs). It leverages and extends the Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2 and the Accessible Name and Description Computation 1.1 for use with the HTML host language. Documenting these mappings promotes interoperable exposure of roles, states, properties, and events implemented by accessibility APIs and helps to ensure that this information appears in a manner consistent with author intent.

The HTML-AAM is part of the WAI-ARIA suite described in the WAI-ARIA Overview.

Status of This Document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at https://www.w3.org/TR/.

Note

This document is subject to change without notice.

This document was initially developed by and with the approval of the HTML Accessibility Taskforce, a joint task force of the Protocols and Formats Working Group and the HTML Working Group. Work continued with the successor groups Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group and the Web Applications Working Group. This document is now maintained solely by the Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group.

This document was published by the Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group as a Working Draft using the Recommendation track.

Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by W3C and its Members.

This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.

This document was produced by a group operating under the W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.

This document is governed by the 2 November 2021 W3C Process Document.

1. Introduction

This section is non-normative.

This specification defines how HTML user agents respond to and expose role, state and property information provided for Web content. Unless indicated otherwise, an HTML element or attribute with default Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.0 semantics must be exposed to the platform accessibility APIs according to the relevant WAI-ARIA mappings defined in the Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2 ([core-aam-1.2]) specification.

In some cases, often due to features of the HTML host language or the accessibility API in question, an element or attribute's mapping differs from the corresponding ARIA mappings specified in the [core-aam-1.2]. Where an HTML element or attribute does not have any default WAI-ARIA semantics, the applicable mapping for each platform accessibility API is defined by this specification.

This document also adapts the Accessible Name and Description Computation 1.2 specification for deriving the accessible names and accessible descriptions of [HTML] elements, and provides accessible implementation examples for specific HTML elements and features.

Users often access HTML content using assistive technologies that rely on platform accessibility API to obtain and interact with information from the page. This document is part of the following suite of accessibility API mapping specifications for content rendered by user agents:

1.1 Accessibility APIs

Accessibility APIs covered by this document are:

If user agent developers need to expose information using other accessibility APIs, it is recommended that they work closely with the developer of the platform where the API runs, and assistive technology developers on that platform.

For more information regarding accessibility APIs, refer to section 1.1 Accessibility APIs of the Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2.

2. Conformance

As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

The key words MAY, MUST, and MUST NOT in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

The classification of a section as normative or non-normative applies to the entire section and all sub-sections of that section.

Normative sections provide requirements that authors, user agents, and assistive technologies MUST follow for an implementation to conform to this specification.

Non-normative sections provide information useful to understanding the specification. Such sections may contain examples of recommended practice, but it is not required to follow such recommendations in order to conform to this specification.

2.1 Deprecated

There are currently no deprecated requirements.

3. Mapping HTML to Accessibility APIs

3.1 General Rules for Exposing WAI-ARIA Semantics

Note

WAI-ARIA support was first introduced to HTML in [HTML5].

Where an HTML element or attribute has default WAI-ARIA semantics, it MUST be exposed to the platform accessibility APIs in a way that conforms to General rules for exposing WAI-ARIA semantics in the Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2.

3.2 Conflicts Between Native Markup Semantics and WAI-ARIA

Where the host language is [HTML], user agents MUST conform to Conflicts between native markup semantics and WAI-ARIA in the Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2.

3.3 Exposing HTML Features That Do Not Directly Map to Accessibility APIs

HTML can include features that are not supported by accessibility APIs at the time of publication. There is not a one to one relationship between all features and platform accessibility APIs. When HTML roles, states and properties do not directly map to an accessibility API, and there is a method in the API to expose a text string, user agents MUST expose the undefined role, states and properties via that method.

For HTML elements or attributes with default WAI-ARIA semantics, user agents MUST conform to Exposing attributes that do not directly map to accessibility API properties in the [core-aam-1.2].

3.4 HTML Element Role Mappings

3.5 HTML Attribute State and Property Mappings

4. Accessible Name and Description Computation

The terms accessible name and accessible description are properties provided in all accessibility APIs. The name of the properties may differ across APIs but they serve the same function: as a container for a short (name) or longer (description) string of text.

The text alternative computation is used to generate both the accessible name and accessible description. There are different rules provided for several different types of elements, nodes, and combinations of markup.

4.1 input type="text", input type="password", input type="search", input type="tel", input type="url" and textarea Element

4.1.1 input type="text", input type="password", input type="search", input type="tel", input type="email", input type="url" and textarea Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the control has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the associated label element(s) accessible name(s) - if more than one label is associated; concatenate by DOM order, delimited by spaces.
  3. If the accessible name is still empty, then: use the control's title attribute.
  4. Otherwise use the control's placeholder attribute.
  5. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.

4.1.2 input type="text", input type="password", input type="search", input type="tel", input type="email", input type="url" and textarea Element Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.2 input type="button", input type="submit" and input type="reset"

4.2.1 input type="button" , input type="submit" and input type="reset" Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the control has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the value attribute.
  3. For input type=submit: If steps 1 to 2 do not yield a usable text string, the accessible name is a localized string of the word "submit".
  4. For input type=reset: If steps 1 to 2 do not yield a usable text string, the accessible name is a localized string of the word "reset".
  5. Otherwise use title attribute.
  6. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.

4.2.2 input type="button" , input type="submit" and input type="reset" Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the value attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  4. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.3 input type="image"

4.3.1 input type="image" Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the control has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use alt attribute.
  3. Otherwise use title attribute.
  4. Otherwise if the previous steps do not yield a usable text string, the accessible name is a localized string of the word "Submit Query".
  5. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.

4.3.2 input type="image" Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.4 button Element

4.4.1 button Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the button element has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the button element subtree.
  3. Otherwise use title attribute.
  4. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.

4.4.2 button Element Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the button has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.5 fieldset and legend Elements

4.5.1 fieldset Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the fieldset element has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. If the accessible name is still empty, then: if the fieldset element has a child that is a legend element, then use the subtree of the first such element.
  3. If the accessible name is still empty, then:, if the fieldset element has a title attribute, then use that attribute.
  4. Otherwise, there is no accessible name.

4.5.2 fieldset Element Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the fieldset element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.6 output Element

4.6.1 output Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the output element has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the output element subtree.
  3. Otherwise use title attribute.
  4. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.

4.6.2 output Element Accessible Description Computation

  1. Use aria-describedby.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.7 Other Form Elements

4.7.1 Other Form Elements Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the control has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use label element.
  3. Otherwise use title attribute.
  4. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.

4.7.2 Other Form Elements Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.8 summary Element

4.8.1 summary Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the first summary element, which is a direct child of the details element, has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use summary element subtree.
  3. Otherwise use title attribute.
  4. If there is no summary element as a direct child of the details element, the user agent should provide one with a subtree containing a localized string of the word "details".
  5. If there is a summary element as a direct child of the details element, but none of the above yield a usable text string, there is no accessible name.

4.8.2 summary Element Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use summary element subtree if not used as the accessible name.
  3. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  4. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.9 figure and figcaption Elements

4.9.1 figure Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the figure element has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. If the accessible name is still empty, then: if the figure element has a child that is a figcaption element, then use the subtree of the first such element.
  3. If the accessible name is still empty, then: if the figure element has a title attribute, then use that attribute.
  4. Otherwise, there is no accessible name.

4.9.2 figure Element Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.10 img Element

4.10.1 img Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the img element has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use alt attribute.
  3. Otherwise use title attribute.
  4. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.

4.10.2 img Element Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.11 table Element

4.11.1 table Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the table element has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. If the accessible name is still empty, then: if the table element has a child that is a caption element, then use the subtree of the first such element.
  3. If the accessible name is still empty, then: if the table element has a title attribute, then use that attribute.
  4. Otherwise, there is no accessible name.

4.11.2 table Element Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. If the accessible description is still empty, then:, if the table element has a child that is a caption element and it wasn't used as the accessible name, then use the subtree of the first such element.
  3. If the accessible description is still empty, then: if the table element has a title attribute and it wasn't used as the accessible name, then use that attribute.
  4. Otherwise, there is no accessible description.

4.12 Other Tabular data elements

4.12.1 tr, td, th Elements Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.

4.12.2 tr, td, th Elements Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.13 a Element with a href attribute

4.13.1 a Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the a element has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use a element subtree.
  3. Otherwise use the title attribute.
  4. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.

4.13.2 a Element with a href attribute Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.14 area Element

4.14.1 area Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the area element has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use area element's alt attribute.
  3. Otherwise use the title attribute.
  4. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.

4.14.2 area Element Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.15 iframe Element

4.15.1 iframe Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.
Note

The document referenced by the src of the iframe element gets its name from that document's title element, like any other document. If there is no title provided, there is no accessible name.

4.15.2 iframe Element Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.16 Section Elements and Grouping Content Elements Not listed Elsewhere

4.16.1 Section and Grouping Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.

4.16.2 Section and Grouping Element Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

4.17 Text Level Elements Not Listed Elsewhere

abbr, b, bdi, bdo, br, cite, code, dfn, em, i, kbd, mark, q, rp, rt, ruby, s, samp, small, strong, sub and sup, time, u, var, wbr

4.17.1 Text Level Element Accessible Name Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-label or an aria-labelledby attribute the accessible name is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible name.

4.17.2 Text Level Element Accessible Description Computation

  1. If the element has an aria-describedby attribute the accessible description is to be calculated using the algorithm defined in Accessible Name and Description: Computation and API Mappings 1.1.
  2. Otherwise use the title attribute if it wasn't used as the accessible name.
  3. If none of the above yield a usable text string there is no accessible description.

A. Appendices

A.1 Change Log

Review the commit history of this document on GitHub.

A.1.1 Substantive changes since moving to the Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group (03-Nov-2019)

  • 03-Apr-2022: Update aside mappings based on its nesting context. See GitHub PR 350.
  • 06-Mar-2022: Update the following elements to map to the generic role: a no href, footer not scoped to body, header not scoped to body, samp, span. See GitHub PR 364.
  • 06-Feb-2022: Update mark to point to Core AAM mapping for the role. See GitHub Issue 316.
  • 02-Nov-2021: Updating blockquote, caption, code, del, em, ins, meter, paragraph, strong, sub, sup and time to ARIA 1.2 mappings in Core AAM. Fix body mapping to generic, and html mapping to document. Fix hgroup mapping to generic. Update details to map to group with additional information specific to ATK, UIA. See GitHub issue #348
  • 12-May-2021: Add FACES references to attributes table - readonly, name, form, disabled. See Issue 257.
  • 12-Dec-2019: Adds hgroup, slot, autonomous custom element and form associated custom element. See GitHub issue #189.
  • 26-Nov-2019: Updates mappings for disabled, scope, spellcheck, tabindex to point to WAI-ARIA. Adds AX pattern, reversed, rows, size, span, src, start, step, type attribute mappings. Adds min-length, ping, playsinline, referrerpolicy, sizes, srcset, data[value] attribute mappings. See GitHub pull request #245.
Substantive changes since moving to the Web Application Working Group (formerly Web Platform WG) (01-Oct-2016)
  • 30-Sept-2019: Remove mappings for rb and rtc elements as they are marked as obsolete in HTML. See GitHub issue #115 and pull request #253.
  • 23-Sept-2019: Update attribute mappings for high, low, max, min, and meter and progress's value attribute. See GitHub pull request #244.
  • 18-Sept-2019: Update mark element's UIA LocalizedControlType and AX AXRoleDescription. See GitHub issue #236.
  • 18-Sept-2019: Update ATK mappings for summary and details elements. See GitHub issue #142 and GitHub issue #147.
  • 18-Sept-2019: Update MSAA mappings for sub and sup. See GitHub pull request #252.
  • 11-Sept-2019: Update mapping for menu to match HTML Living Standard. Remove element and attribute mappings that are not applicable to menu and menuitem. Update mapping of menu to role="list". See GitHub issue #188.
  • 10-July-2019: Further updated mappings for ins and del elements. See GitHub pull request #219.
  • 13-June-2019: Update mappings for ins and del elements. See GitHub issue #141.
  • 10-June-2019: Update ATK mappings for header and footer when not scoped to the body. See GitHub issue #129.
  • 21-May-2019: Update AXAPI mappings for map element. Add accessible name and description computation for area. See GitHub issue #176.
  • 11-Apr-2019: Update UIA mappings for sub and sup elements. See Pull request #177.
  • 20-Mar-2019: Updated IA2 mappings for sup and sub elements. See GitHub issue #174.
  • 26-Feb-2019: Updated mappings for the address element. See GitHub issue #170.
  • 19-Feb-2019: Added placeholder attribute to accessible name computation for various input elements. See GitHub issue #167.
  • 07-Feb-2018: Added entries for the rb and rtc elements, and updated AXAPI mappings for the rb, rt and ruby elements. See GitHub issue #115.
  • 07-Feb-2018: Updated mappings for the svg element. See GitHub issue #43.
  • 07-Feb-2018: Updated AXAPI mappings for the del and ins elements, and the datetime attribute.
  • 07-Feb-2018: Aligned mappings with CORE-AAM as appropriate for header and footer when scoped to body, aside, and output. See GitHub issue #119.
  • 07-Feb-2018: Updated ATK and AX mappings for the multiple attribute on input element. See GitHub issue #96.
  • 07-Feb-2018: Updated ATK mappings for the sub and sup elements. See GitHub issue #121.
  • 07-Feb-2018: Updated mappings for the body element. See GitHub issue #117.
  • 01-Feb-2018: Updated IA2 mapping for the meter element. See GitHub issue #2.
  • 29-Jan-2018: Updated heading mapping to reflect implementations. See GitHub issue #116.
  • 23-Jan-2018: Added note regarding effect of some CSS properties. See GitHub issue #234.
  • 23-Jan-2018: Updated mappings for the address element. See GitHub issue #33.
  • 23-Jan-2018: Updated mappings for the dt element. See GitHub issue #78.
  • 23-Jan-2018: Updated AXAPI mappings for the mark element.
  • 08-Jan-2018: Updated mappings for the input element with the type attribute in the Color state. See GitHub issue #48.
  • 06-Jan-2018: Updated IA2 mappings for the pre, q, and ruby elements, and the multiple attribute for the input element. See GitHub issue #94.
  • 18-Dec-2017: Rewrote first paragraph in Introduction to better reflect the relationship between the HTML-AAM and CORE-AAM specifications. See GitHub issue #66.
  • 18-Dec-2017: Updated readonly attribute to use aria-readonly="true" WAI-ARIA mappings. See GitHub issue #93.
  • 08-Dec-2017: Changed AXAPI mapping for the canvas element from AXImage to AXGroup.
  • 01-Dec-2017: Updated mappings for the dfn element. See GitHub issue #6.
  • 30-Nov-2017: Updated mappings for the meter element. See GitHub issue #2.
  • 24-Nov-2017: Updated mappings for the audio and video elements. See GitHub issue #80.
  • 23-Nov-2017: Updated figure element mappings to reflect the WAI-ARIA figure role mappings.
  • 23-Nov-2017: Updated mappings for the form element based on presence of accessible name. See GitHub issue #106.
  • 23-Nov-2017: Removed the accessible name computation requirement to ignore an img element's title attribute when the element's alt attribute is empty. See GitHub issue #99.
  • 23-Nov-2017: Added note to not expose aria-roledescription unless element also a conforming role attribute value. See GitHub issue #98.
  • 09-Aug-2017: Updated mappings for the type attribute on the ol element. See GitHub issue #91.
  • 25-July-2017: Updated UIA mappings for multiple elements and attributes. See GitHub issue #95 and GitHub pull request #101.
  • 02-June-2017: Updated AXAPI mappings for title attribute on abbr element, and abbr attribute on th element. See GitHub issue #16.
  • 31-May-2017: Updated mappings for hidden attribute. See GitHub issue #38.
  • 24-May-2017: Updated mappings for selected attribute. See GitHub issue #92.
  • 01-May-2017: Updated AXAPI mapping for time element. See GitHub issue #88.
  • 27-Apr-2017: Updated UIA mappings for lang and dir attributes. See GitHub issue #19.
  • 19-Apr-2017: Updated mapping for colspan and rowspan attributes. See GitHub issue #56 and issue #57.
  • 03-Apr-2017: Updated mapping for section element. See GitHub issue #79.
  • 23-Dec-2016: No mapping for datalist element if not linked with input element. See GitHub issue #26.
  • 23-Dec-2016: Updated IA2 mapping for list attribute. See GitHub issue #21.
  • 22-Dec-2016: Sync mappings for footer and header elements. See GitHub issue #59.
  • 22-Dec-2016: Updated IA2 mapping for input@type='date' attribute. See GitHub issue #61.
  • 22-Dec-2016: Updated IA2 mapping for input@type='file' element. See GitHub issue #62.
  • 22-Dec-2016: Updated IA2 mapping for summary element. See GitHub issue #64.
  • 14-Dec-2016: Updated wording distinguishing when header and footer elements are or are not ARIA landmarks. See GitHub issue #65.
  • 07-Dec-2016: Modified aria-multiselectable mapping for datalist to reflect listbox selection model. See GitHub issue #71.
  • 07-Dec-2016: Mappings for the multiple attribute on input and select elements. See GitHub issue #72.
  • 27-Nov-2016: Added implementation rules for the checked, contenteditable, disabled, and indeterminate attributes.
  • 21-Nov-2016: Removed placeholder attribute from accessible description computation for various input elements.

A.2 Acknowledgments

This section is non-normative.

The following people contributed to the development of this document.

A.2.1 Participants active in the HTML Accessibility Task Force active at the time of publication

A.2.2 Enabling funders

This publication has been funded in part with U.S. Federal funds from the Department of Education, National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR), initially under contract number ED-OSE-10-C-0067, then under contract number HHSP23301500054C, and now under HHS75P00120P00168. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Education, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

B. References

B.1 Normative references

[accname-1.2]
Accessible Name and Description Computation 1.2. Bryan Garaventa; Joanmarie Diggs; Michael Cooper. W3C. 11 July 2019. W3C Working Draft. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.2/
[core-aam-1.2]
Core Accessibility API Mappings 1.2. Joanmarie Diggs; Alexander Surkov; Michael Cooper. W3C. 15 February 2022. W3C Working Draft. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/core-aam-1.2/
[HTML]
HTML Standard. Anne van Kesteren; Domenic Denicola; Ian Hickson; Philip Jägenstedt; Simon Pieters. WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/
[RFC2119]
Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119
[RFC8174]
Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174
[svg-aam-1.0]
SVG Accessibility API Mappings. Amelia Bellamy-Royds; Ian Pouncey. W3C. 10 May 2018. W3C Working Draft. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/svg-aam-1.0/
[WAI-ARIA]
Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.0. James Craig; Michael Cooper et al. W3C. 20 March 2014. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/
[WAI-ARIA-1.2]
Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.2. Joanmarie Diggs; James Nurthen; Michael Cooper. W3C. 8 December 2021. W3C Candidate Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-1.2/

B.2 Informative references

[accname-aam-1.1]
Accessible Name and Description Computation 1.1. Joanmarie Diggs; Bryan Garaventa; Michael Cooper. W3C. 18 December 2018. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/accname-1.1/
[AT-SPI]
Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface. The GNOME Project. URL: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/at-spi2-core/
[ATK]
ATK - Accessibility Toolkit. The GNOME Project. URL: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/at-spi2-core/
[AXAPI]
The Mac OS X Accessibility Protocol Mac OS 10.10. Apple Corporation. URL: https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/ApplicationKit/Protocols/NSAccessibility_Protocol/index.html
[HTML5]
HTML5. Ian Hickson; Robin Berjon; Steve Faulkner; Travis Leithead; Erika Doyle Navara; Theresa O'Connor; Silvia Pfeiffer. W3C. 27 March 2018. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
[IAccessible2]
IAccessible2. Linux Foundation. URL: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/accessibility/iaccessible2
[UI-AUTOMATION]
UI Automation. Microsoft Corporation. URL: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee684009%28v=vs.85%29.aspx