See Understanding Techniques for WCAG Success Criteria for important information about the usage of these informative techniques and how they relate to the normative WCAG 2.0 success criteria. The Applicability section explains the scope of the technique, and the presence of techniques for a specific technology does not imply that the technology can be used in all situations to create content that meets WCAG 2.0.
Microsoft Silverlight, versions 3 and greater
Silverlight managed programming model and Silverlight XAML
This technique relates to:
See User Agent Support Notes for SL31. Also see Silverlight Technology Notes.
The objective of this technique is to change the presentation / visual appearance of text, by setting several of the font-specific properties in the Silverlight API. Changing such properties does not change the semantic meaning of the text, nor does it alter the representation of the text that is available to assistive technologies through the Silverlight support of the UIA accessibility framework. By using font properties, it is possible to introduce a wide variety of presentation changes to fonts that do not introduce semantic elements that interfere with an assistive technology's view of text in the Silverlight application. In particular, adjusting font properties will make it possible to avoid any need for use of images of text, yet still provide a wide range of choices for text presentation.
Silverlight font properties exist on all controls, as well as on other
text elements that are not true controls. For controls, the font properties
apply in any case where the control enables a presentation mode that
has enclosed text areas in its layout. By setting Silverlight font
properties, it is possible to adjust presentation of font features
without changing the structural connotation of that control, or the
value of any control-specific property that contains plain-text. For
example, the FontSize property can be set on a Paragraph (not
a control) or on a Button (a control, and in this
case the font size changes apply to any text displayed in the button
content area). Font properties are also inheriting properties, meaning
that if applying a font property value to a container in a relationship,
those font property values can apply to child elements in the relationship.
For example, if a FontSize is applied to a RichTextBox,
that FontSize value is used by default by all the Paragraph items
displayed in the RichTextBox.
Similar to CSS, Silverlight font properties can be grouped as a Style.
That Style can be applied to all instances of a text
element type (for example to all cases of Paragraph)
or specifically referenced as a resource that is only used by certain
instances of a text element type. Either way, the Style feature
enables the separation of presentation from semantics for text elements,
and enables workflows where content authors supply the semantic text
and design-oriented authors adjust the related Silverlight styles.
For more information on the Silverlight concept of styles, see Control
Customization on MSDN.
The following Silverlight font properties are useful to style text
and avoid the need for text in images. Links in this list refer to
the Control class version of these properties.
The FontFamily property is used to display the code aspect in a monospace font family (specifically, FontFamily="Courier New").
The FontSize property is used to display the text in a larger size.
The FontStyle property is used to display text in italics.
The FontWeight property is used to set how thick or thin characters in text should be displayed.
The FontStretch property is used to control the spacing of letters in text.
The Foreground property is used to display the color of text or text containers.
The Background property can be used to display text on a non-text background.
So long as images of text are avoided, the text within a Silverlight
text element can be reported to the UI Automation accessibility framework
that Silverlight supports. That text is reported using the same basic
text content as is used for semantic text display in the UI. In other
words, exposing that text to assistive technologies that use UIA as
a framework does not require the Silverlight application author to
resort to automation-specific override properties such as AutomationProperties.HelpText;
the automation peers for text elements report all necessary text content
to automation as a built-in behavior of the text element controls.
For more information on UI Automation and text containers, see SL32: Using Silverlight Text Elements for Appropriate Accessibility Role.
Related CSS techniques mention that users can override any page-declared CSS styling techniques, by invoking browser-specific features. For example, using Internet Explorer, a user can use Tools / Internet Options, Appearance / Accessibility to override certain classifications of CSS-controlled font properties when displaying HTML documents, or to use a user-specific style sheet for HTML documents. No browser-level equivalent feature exists for user alteration of Silverlight text properties in the Silverlight content area. Instead, application authors could supply controls that enable similar font-property changing behavior, and include those controls in the application-specific user interface. For more information on this technique, see SL13: Providing A Style Switcher To Switch To High Contrast.
Silverlight API includes a related text presentation API Glyphs. Glyphs is
intended for specific decorative or niche language-support scenarios.
The Glyphs API does not offer as much UIA exposure
or the ability to programmatically change typical font properties;
the main scenarios for Glyphs are to package migrated
text content from document formats, or for purely decorative text in
a font that is not commonly found on a user system and only the glyphs
actually used in the Unicode string are subsetted into the Glyphs font
payload. If addressing the WCAG criteria, authors should avoid using Glyphs API
and instead use other text containers such as TextBox,
along with a font that is supplied in the application package or known
to exist on the end user system.
This example illustrates applying runtime changes to a font property.
This example has UI in XAML, and logic in C#. The following is the XAML.
<UserControl x:Class="DocumentStructure.MainPage"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
>
<UserControl.Resources>
<Style x:Key="NewStyle" TargetType="Control">
<Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Arial"/>
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="30"/>
<Setter Property="Height" Value="40"/>
</Style>
</UserControl.Resources>
<StackPanel x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="White">
<RichTextBox IsReadOnly="True" Name="rtb" FontFamily="Algerian" FontSize="20">
<Paragraph>Call me Ishmael. Some years ago--never mind how long precisely--having little or no money in my purse,
and nothing particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about a little
and see the watery part of the world. It is a way I have of driving off the spleen and
regulating the circulation. Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever
it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before
coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my
<Hyperlink NavigateUri="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypo">hypos</Hyperlink>
get such an upper hand of me, that it requires a strong moral principle to prevent me from deliberately stepping into
the street, and methodically knocking people's hats off--then, I account it high time to get to sea as soon as I can.
This is my substitute for pistol and ball. With a philosophical flourish Cato throws himself
upon his sword; I quietly take to the ship. There is nothing surprising in this. If they but knew it,
almost all men in their degree, some time or other, cherish very nearly the same
feelings towards the ocean with me.
</Paragraph>
<Paragraph>There now is your
<Hyperlink
NavigateUri="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Harbor">insular city of the Manhattoes</Hyperlink>
, belted round by wharves as Indian isles by coral reefs--commerce surrounds it
with her surf. Right and left, the streets take you waterward. Its extreme downtown is the
battery, where that noble mole is washed by waves, and cooled by breezes, which a few hours
previous were out of sight of land. Look at the crowds of water-gazers there.
</Paragraph>
<Paragraph>Circumambulate the city of a dreamy Sabbath afternoon.
Go from Corlears Hook to Coenties Slip, and from thence, by Whitehall, northward. What do you see?
--Posted like silent sentinels all around the town, stand thousands upon thousands of mortal men
fixed in ocean reveries. Some leaning against the spiles; some seated upon the pier-heads;
some looking over the bulwarks of ships from China; some high aloft in the rigging, as if striving
to get a still better seaward peep. But these are all landsmen; of week days pent up in lath
and plaster--tied to counters, nailed to benches, clinched to desks. How
then is this? Are the green fields gone? What do they here?
</Paragraph>
</RichTextBox>
<Button Name="swapper" Click="swapper_Click" Width="220">Swap styles</Button>
</StackPanel>
</UserControl>
The following is C# code:
private void swapper_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
rtb.Style = this.Resources["NewStyle"] as Style;
}
This example is shown in operation in the working example of Document Structure.
Resources are for information purposes only, no endorsement implied.
Using a browser that supports Silverlight, open an HTML page that references a Silverlight application through an object tag.
Test that application of font properties as enabled in application UI changes presentation, but does not change semantic meaning of text.
Close the browser. Repeat the test with an accessibility framework test tool running. There should be no difference in the structure or relationships in the accessibility view beyond the presentation changes.
#2 and #3 are true.
If this is a sufficient technique for a success criterion, failing this test procedure does not necessarily mean that the success criterion has not been satisfied in some other way, only that this technique has not been successfully implemented and can not be used to claim conformance.