FLASH13: Using HTML language attributes to specify language in Flash content

User Agent and Assistive Technology Support Notes

See User Agent Support for Flash for general information on user agent support.

JAWS 8.0 or later can be configured to change language automatically on the basis of the lang attribute. However, it only switches amongst major languages as indicated by the primary code. If a regional language variant is indicated with a language subcode, JAWS will use the default variant for which it is configured.

Description

The objective of this technique is to identify the default language of the Flash content by providing the lang and/or xml:lang attribute on the HTML or object elements for the page containing the Flash. The embedded Flash content will inherit the language specified. If the entire web page uses the same language, the lang and/or xml:lang attribute can be placed on the page's HTML element, as described in H57: Using language attributes on the html element.

Since Flash inherits the language from the HTML or object element, all text within the Flash content is expected to be in that inherited language. This means that it is possible to have a Flash object in the French language on a page that is primarily in another language, or to have a page with multiple Flash objects, each in a different language. It is not possible, however, to indicate changes in the human language of content within a single Flash object using this technique.

Examples

Example 1: Using the language of the page as whole in the embedded Flash

This example defined the content of the entire web page to be in the French language. The Flash content will inherit the specified language from the HTML container.

Example Code:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html lang="fr" xml:lang="fr" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"
      http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
    <title>Flash Languages Examples - French</title>
    <script src="swfobject.js" type="text/javascript"/>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    swfobject.registerObject("myMovie", "9.0.115", "expressInstall.swf");
</script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
      height="420" id="myMovie" width="780">
      <param name="movie" value="myMovie.swf"/>
      <!--[if !IE]>-->
      <object data="languages.swf" height="420"
        type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="780">
        <!--<![endif]-->
        <!--[if !IE]>-->
      </object>
      <!--<![endif]-->
    </object>
  </body>
</html>

This is demonstrated in the working example of Using the language of the page as whole in the embedded Flash. The source of Using the language of the page as whole in the embedded Flash is available.

Example 2: Applying a language just to the embedded Flash

This example defines the content of a Flash movie to be in the French language. The Flash movie is embedded using SWFObject's static publishing method. This means that there are two nested object elements, the outer to target Internet Explorer, the Inner to target other browsers. For this reason the lang and xml:lang attributes must be added twice.

Example Code:

<object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
  height="420" id="myMovie" lang="fr" width="780" xml:lang="fr">
  <param name="movie" value="myMovie.swf"/>
  <!--[if !IE]>-->
  <object data="languages.swf" height="420" lang="fr"
    type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="780" xml:lang="fr">
    <!--<![endif]-->
    <!--[if !IE]>-->
  </object>
  <!--<![endif]-->
</object>

Resources

Related Techniques

Tests

Procedure

Examine the html element and the object element of the HTML document containing the reference to the SWF.
Check that the human language of the Flash content is the same as the inherited language for the object element as specified in HTML 4.01, Inheritance of language codes
Check that the value of the lang attribute conforms to BCP 47: Tags for the Identification of Languages or its successor and reflects the primary language used by the Flash content.
Check that no changes in human language occur within the Flash content

Expected Results

For Success Criterion 3.1.1: Checks 1-3 are all true.
For Success Criterion 3.1.2: Checks 1-4 are all true.

If this is a sufficient technique for a success criterion, failing this test procedure does not necessarily mean that the success criterion has not been satisfied in some other way, only that this technique has not been successfully implemented and can not be used to claim conformance.

Techniques are Informative

Techniques are informative—that means they are not required. The basis for determining conformance to WCAG 2.0 is the success criteria from the WCAG 2.0 standard—not the techniques. For important information about techniques, please see the Understanding Techniques for WCAG Success Criteria section of Understanding WCAG 2.0.