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2.2.1 Data Model Generation list item 2 "The Information Set or PSVI may be transformed into an XDM instance by a process described in [XQuery and XPath Data Model (XDM) 3.1]. (See DM2 in Fig. 1.)" As a point of information, XDM instance is defined in XPath 3.1 but isn't used in XDM 3.1. Not an error per se but certainly an odd read.
XPath and F&O both use this ... it looks like something that should be defined in the XDM.
Noted that XDM uses and defines the term "instance of the data model" with the same meaning as the term "XDM instance" as used in the XP3.1, XQ3.1, and F+O3.1 specs. All the specs are internally consistent and use terminology that is unambiguous and is defined within the relevant spec. It's not unreasonable for XDM to avoid using a term that is self-referential. Decided to make no change.