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The nsmode.xml file does have the following namespace declaration attribute on the <z:a> element: xmlns:p="http://www.example.com/p2.uri" The expected output for constr-cont-nsmode-1 (both constr-cont-nsmode-1.xml and constr-cont-nsmode-1b.xml) doesn't expect this namespace declaration attribute. As the query prolog specifies "declare copy-namespaces preserve, inherit;" we believe the expected output should include that specific namespace declaration attribute. See http://www.w3.org/TR/xquery/#id-content, 1.e.ii.D.I and 1.e.ii.D.II I.e. we expect output as follows: <p xmlns:p="http://www.example.com/p.uri"><z:a xmlns:p="http://www.example.com/p2.uri" xmlns:z="http://www.example.com/z.uri"><b xmlns:y="http://www.example.com/y.uri" xmlns:z="http://www.example.com/z2.uri"/></z:a></p>
After carefully reading the latest version of the spec, I agree with the suggested result and included the namespace declaration attribute.