See Understanding Techniques for WCAG Success Criteria for important information about the usage of these informative techniques and how they relate to the normative WCAG 2.0 success criteria. The Applicability section explains the scope of the technique, and the presence of techniques for a specific technology does not imply that the technology can be used in all situations to create content that meets WCAG 2.0.
HTML and XHTML
This technique relates to:
The objective of this technique is to provide a semantic grouping for related form controls. This allows users to understand the relationship of the controls and interact with the form more quickly and effectively.
Form controls can be grouped by enclosing them within the fieldset element. All controls within a given fieldset are then related. The first element inside the fieldset must be a legend element, which provides a label or description for the group. Authors should avoid nesting fieldsets unnecessarily, as this can lead to confusion.
Grouping controls is most important for related radio buttons and checkboxes. A set of radio buttons or checkboxes is related when they all submit values for a single named field. They work in the same way as selection lists, allowing the user to choose from a set of options, except selection lists are single controls while radio buttons and checkboxes are multiple controls. The individual label associated with each radio or checkbox control may not fully convey the group's descriptive context. In this situation, it is essential that they be grouped together semantically to facilitate being treated as a single control, as well as to provide an additional group level description. Often, user agents will present the value of the legend before the label of each control to provide this description, as well as to remind users that they are part of the same group.
It can also be useful to group other sets of controls less tightly related than radio buttons and checkboxes. For instance, several fields that collect a user's address might be grouped together with a legend of "Address", thus providing a group level description for these controls. As a rule of thumb, it can be said that where a group of controls within a larger form requires an additional heading to provide a description specific to that particular group, the use of fieldset and legend elements is appropriate.
However, when a group of related radio buttons or checkboxes (even having values for a single named field) includes clear instructions and distinct selections (i.e. where the individual label associated with each particular control provides a sufficient description), the use of the fieldset and legend elements is not required.
H44: Using label elements to associate text labels with form controls is sufficient in this case.
Authors sometimes avoid using the fieldset element because of the default display in the browser, which draws a border around the grouped controls. This visual grouping is also useful and authors should seriously consider retaining it (or some form of visual grouping). The visual effect can be modified in CSS by overriding the "border" property of the fieldset and the "position" property of the legend.
This example shows a test item with one question and five possible answers. Each
answer is represented by a radio button (
input
type="radio"). The radio
buttons are contained within a fieldset. The test question is tagged
with the legend element.
Example Code:
<fieldset>
<legend>The play <cite>Hamlet</cite> was written by:</legend>
<input type="radio" id="shakesp" name="hamlet" checked="checked" value="a">
<label for="shakesp">William Shakespeare</label><br />
<input type="radio" id="kipling" name="hamlet" value="b">
<label for="kipling">Rudyard Kipling</label><br />
<input type="radio" id="gbshaw" name="hamlet" value="c">
<label for="gbshaw">George Bernard Shaw</label><br />
<input type="radio" id="hem" name="hamlet" value="d">
<label for="hem">Ernest Hemingway</label><br />
<input type="radio" id="dickens" name="hamlet" value="e">
<label for="dickens">Charles Dickens</label>
</fieldset> The User Profile page for a Web site allows users to indicate their interests by
selecting multiple checkboxes. Each checkbox (
input
type="checkbox")
has a label. The checkboxes are contained within a
fieldset, and the legend element contains the prompt for
the entire group of checkboxes.
Example Code:
<fieldset>
<legend>I am interested in the following (check all that apply):</legend>
<input type="checkbox" id="photo" name="interests" value="ph">
<label for="photo">Photography</label><br />
<input type="checkbox" id="watercol" name="interests" checked="checked" value="wa">
<label for="watercol">Watercolor</label><br />
<input type="checkbox" id="acrylic" name="interests" checked="checked" value="ac">
<label for="acrylic">Acrylic</label>
…
</fieldset> This example requests the user to choose a single philosopher. Note that each field has the same "name" attribute, indicating these radio buttons are related (they all submit the same field), and should be grouped as shown. Also note that while the "name" attributes are the same, the "id" attributes must be unique.
Example Code:
<form action="http://example.com/vote" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>Your preferred philosopher</legend>
<input type="radio" name="philosopher" id="philosopher_socrates" value="socrates"/>
<label for="philosopher_socrates">Socrates</label>
<input type="radio" name="philosopher" id="philosopher_plato" value="plato"/>
<label for="philosopher_plato">Plato</label>
<input type="radio" name="philosopher" id="philosopher_aristotle" value="aristotle"/>
<label for="philosopher_aristotle">Aristotle</label>
</fieldset>
</form> Note: Groups of related checkboxes work in the same way, except the user is allowed to express more than one preference for the field.
In this example, form fields for residential and postal addresses are distinguished by the value of the legend in each fieldset grouping.
Example Code:
<form action="http://example.com/adduser" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>Residential Address</legend>
<label for="raddress">Address: </label>
<input type="text" id="raddress" name="raddress" />
<label for="rzip">Postal/Zip Code: </label>
<input type="text" id="rzip" name="rzip" />
...more residential address information...
</fieldset>
<fieldset>
<legend>Postal Address</legend>
<label for="paddress">Address: </label>
<input type="text" id="paddress" name="paddress" />
<label for="pzip">Postal/Zip Code: </label>
<input type="text" id="pzip" name="pzip" />
...more postal address information...
</fieldset>
</form>Resources are for information purposes only, no endorsement implied.
HTML 4.01 Checkboxes
For groups of related controls where the individual labels for each control do not provide a sufficient description, and an additional group level description is needed,
Check that the group of logically related input or select elements are contained within fieldset elements.
Check that each fieldset has a legend element that includes a description for that group.
All of the above checks are true.
If this is a sufficient technique for a success criterion, failing this test procedure does not necessarily mean that the success criterion has not been satisfied in some other way, only that this technique has not been successfully implemented and can not be used to claim conformance.