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This specification defines an interface for web applications to access the complete timing information for navigation of a document.
This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/.
This is a work in progress and may change without any notices.
Navigation Timing 2 replaces the first version of [NAVIGATION-TIMING] and includes the following changes:
Implementers SHOULD be aware that this document is not stable. Implementers who are not taking part in the discussions are likely to find the specification changing out from under them in incompatible ways. Vendors interested in implementing this document before it eventually reaches the Candidate Recommendation stage SHOULD join the aforementioned mailing lists and take part in the discussions.
This document was published by the Web Performance Working Group as a Working Draft.
This document is intended to become a W3C Recommendation.
If you wish to make comments regarding this document, please send them to
public-web-perf@w3.org
(subscribe,
archives)
with [NavigationTiming]
at the start of your email's subject.
All comments are welcome.
Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.
This document was produced by a group operating under the 5 February 2004 W3C Patent Policy. W3C maintains a public list of any patent disclosures made in connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains Essential Claim(s) must disclose the information in accordance with section 6 of the W3C Patent Policy.
This document is governed by the 1 September 2015 W3C Process Document.
This section is non-normative.
Accurately measuring performance characteristics of web applications is an important aspect of making web applications faster. While JavaScript-based mechanisms, such as the one described in [JSMEASURE], can provide comprehensive instrumentation for user latency measurements within an application, in many cases, they are unable to provide a complete or detailed end-to-end latency picture. For example, the following JavaScript shows a naive attempt to measure the time it takes to fully load a page:
<html> <head> <script type="text/javascript"> var start = new Date().getTime(); function onLoad() { var now = new Date().getTime(); var latency = now - start; alert("page loading time: " + latency); } </script> </head> <body onload="onLoad()"> <!- Main page body goes from here. --> </body> </html>
The above script calculates the time it takes to load the page after the first bit of JavaScript in the head is executed, but it does not give any information about the time it takes to get the page from the server, or the initialization lifecycle of the page.
This specification defines the PerformanceNavigationTiming
interface which participates in the [PERFORMANCE-TIMELINE-2] to store and retrieve high resolution performance metric data related to the navigation of a document. As the PerformanceNavigationTiming
interface uses [HR-TIME-2], all time values are measured from the start of the navigation. For example, if we know that the response end occurs 100ms after the start of navigation, we MAY find data that the PerformanceNavigationTiming
data looks like so:
startTime: 0.000 // start time of the navigation request responseEnd: 100.000 // high resolution time of last received byte
The following script shows how a developer can use the PerformanceNavigationTiming
interface to obtain accurate timing data related to the navigation of the document:
<!doctype html> <html> <head> </head> <body onload="init()"> <script> function init() { var navigationTiming = performance.getEntriesByType("navigation")[0]; if (window.console) { console.log("Name: " + navigationTiming.name + "\n" + "Entry Type: " + navigationTiming.entryType + "\n" + "Start Time: " + navigationTiming.startTime + "\n" + "Duration: " + navigationTiming.duration + "\n" + "Unload: " + (navigationTiming.unloadEventEnd - navigationTiming.unloadEventStart) + "\n" + "Redirect: " + (navigationTiming.redirectEnd - navigationTiming.redirectStart) + "\n" + "App Cache: " + (navigationTiming.domainLookupStart - navigationTiming.fetchStart) + "\n" + "DNS: " + (navigationTiming.domainLookupEnd - navigationTiming.domainLookupStart) + "\n" + "TCP: " + (navigationTiming.connectEnd - navigationTiming.connectStart) + "\n" + "Request: " + (navigationTiming.responseStart - navigationTiming.requestStart) + "\n" + "Response: " + (navigationTiming.responseEnd - navigationTiming.responseStart) + "\n" + "Processing: " + (navigationTiming.loadEventStart - navigationTiming.responseEnd) + "\n" + "Onload: " + (navigationTiming.loadEventEnd - navigationTiming.loadEventStart) + "\n"); } } </script> </body> </html>
As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.
The key words MAY, MUST, MUST NOT, and SHOULD are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms (such as "strip any leading space characters" or "return false and abort these steps") are to be interpreted with the meaning of the key word ("MUST", "SHOULD", "MAY", etc) used in introducing the algorithm.
Some conformance requirements are phrased as requirements on attributes, methods or objects. Such requirements are to be interpreted as requirements on user agents.
Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps MAY be implemented in any manner, so long as the end result is equivalent. (In particular, the algorithms defined in this specification are intended to be easy to follow, and not intended to be performant.)
The IDL fragments in this specification must be interpreted as required for conforming IDL fragments, as described in the Web IDL specification. [WebIDL]
The construction "a Foo
object", where Foo
is actually an interface, is sometimes used instead of the more accurate "an object implementing the interface Foo
.
The term navigation refers to the act of navigating.
The term current document refers to the document associated with the Window object's newest Document object.
The term JavaScript is used to refer to ECMA262, rather than the official term ECMAScript, since the term JavaScript is more widely known. [ECMA-262]
Throughout this work, all time values are measured in milliseconds since the start of navigation of the document. For example, the start of navigation of the document occurs at time 0. The term current time refers to the number of milliseconds since the start of navigation of the document until the current moment in time. This definition of time is based on [HR-TIME-2] specification.
PerformanceNavigationTiming
object.
DOMString
"document
".DOMString
"navigation
".DOMString
.DOMString
"navigate".DOMString
"reload".DOMString
"back_forward".When persistent connection [RFC7230] is enabled, a user agent MAY first try to re-use an open connect to send the request while the connection can be asynchronously closed. In such case, connectStart, connectEnd and requestStart SHOULD represent timing information collected over the re-open connection.
PerformanceNavigationTiming
object to 0 except
startTime,
redirectStart,
redirectEnd,
redirectCount,
type,
nextHopProtocol,
unloadEventStart and
unloadEventEnd. Set nextHopProtocol to the empty DOMString
.prerender
to visible
. Otherwise, set this attribute to 0.PerformanceNavigationTiming
object.Some user agents maintain the DOM structure of the document in memory
during navigation operations such as forward and backward. In those cases,
the PerformanceNavigationTiming
object MUST NOT
be altered during the navigation.
This section is non-normative.
There is the potential for disclosing an end-user's browsing and activity history by using carefully crafted timing attacks. For instance, the unloading time reveals how long the previous page takes to execute its unload handler, which could be used to infer the user's login status. These attacks have been mitigated by enforcing the same origin policy when timing information involving the previous navigation is accessed. [RFC6454]
The relaxed same origin policy doesn't provide sufficient protection against unauthorized visits across documents. In shared hosting, an untrusted third party is able to host an HTTP server at the same IP address but on a different port.
Different pages sharing one host name, for example contents from different authors hosted on sites with user generated content are considered from the same origin because there is no feature to restrict the access by pathname. Navigating between these pages allows a latter page to access timing information of the previous one, such as timing regarding redirection and unload event.
This section is non-normative.
The PerformanceNavigationTiming interface exposes timing information for the current document to any resource loaded by the document, such as a web page or a worker. To limit the access to the PerformanceNavigationTiming interface, the same origin policy is enforced by default and certain attributes are set to zero, as described in 4.5 Cross-origin Resources [RESOURCE-TIMING]. Resource providers can explicitly allow all timing information to be collected for a current document by adding the Timing-Allow-Origin HTTP response header, which specifies the domains that are allowed to access the timing information.
In case a proxy is deployed between the user agent and the web server, the time interval between the connectStart and the connectEnd attributes indicates the delay between the user agent and the proxy instead of the web server. With that, web server can potentially infer the existence of the proxy. For SOCKS proxy, this time interval includes the proxy authentication time and time the proxy takes to connect to the web server, which obfuscate the proxy detection. In case of an HTTP proxy, the user agent might not have any knowledge about the proxy server at all so it's not always feasible to mitigate this attack.
This section defines attributes and interfaces previously introduced in [NAVIGATION-TIMING] and are kept here for legacy purposes. Authors are advised to use the PerformanceNavigationTiming
interface instead.
All time values defined in this appendix are measured in milliseconds since midnight of .
[Exposed=Window]
interface PerformanceTiming {
readonly attribute unsigned long long navigationStart;
readonly attribute unsigned long long unloadEventStart;
readonly attribute unsigned long long unloadEventEnd;
readonly attribute unsigned long long redirectStart;
readonly attribute unsigned long long redirectEnd;
readonly attribute unsigned long long fetchStart;
readonly attribute unsigned long long domainLookupStart;
readonly attribute unsigned long long domainLookupEnd;
readonly attribute unsigned long long connectStart;
readonly attribute unsigned long long connectEnd;
readonly attribute unsigned long long secureConnectionStart;
readonly attribute unsigned long long requestStart;
readonly attribute unsigned long long responseStart;
readonly attribute unsigned long long responseEnd;
readonly attribute unsigned long long domLoading;
readonly attribute unsigned long long domInteractive;
readonly attribute unsigned long long domContentLoadedEventStart;
readonly attribute unsigned long long domContentLoadedEventEnd;
readonly attribute unsigned long long domComplete;
readonly attribute unsigned long long loadEventStart;
readonly attribute unsigned long long loadEventEnd;
serializer = {attribute};
};
connectEnd
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately after the user agent finishes establishing the connection to the server to retrieve the current document. If a persistent connection [RFC2616] is used or the current document is retrieved from relevant application caches or local resources, this attribute must return the value of domainLookupEnd
If the transport connection fails and the user agent reopens a connection, connectStart and connectEnd should return the corresponding values of the new connection.
connectEnd must include the time interval to establish the transport connection as well as other time interval such as SSL handshake and SOCKS authentication.
connectStart
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately before the user agent start establishing the connection to the server to retrieve the document. If a persistent connection [RFC2616] is used or the current document is retrieved from relevant application caches or local resources, this attribute must return value of domainLookupEnd.
domComplete
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately before the user agent sets the current document readiness to "complete".
If the current document readiness changes to the same state multiple times, domLoading, domInteractive, domContentLoadedEventStart, domContentLoadedEventEnd and domComplete must return the time of the first occurrence of the corresponding document readiness change.
domContentLoadedEventEnd
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately after the document's DOMContentLoaded event completes.
domContentLoadedEventStart
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately before the user agent fires the DOMContentLoaded
event at the Document
.
domInteractive
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately before the user agent sets the current document readiness to "interactive".
domLoading
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately before the user agent sets the current document readiness to "loading".
Due to differences in when a Document object is created in existing user agents,
the value returned by the domLoading
is implementation specific and should not be used
in meaningful metrics.
domainLookupEnd
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately after the user agent finishes the domain name lookup for the current document. If a persistent connection [RFC2616] is used or the current document is retrieved from relevant application caches or local resources, this attribute must return the same value as fetchStart.
This section is non-normative.
Checking and retrieving contents from the HTTP cache [RFC2616] is part of the fetching process. It's covered by the requestStart, responseStart and responseEnd attributes.
In case where the user agent already has the domain information in cache, domainLookupStart and domainLookupEnd represent the times when the user agent starts and ends the domain data retrieval from the cache.
domainLookupStart
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately before the user agent starts the domain name lookup for the current document. If a persistent connection [RFC2616] is used or the current document is retrieved from relevant application caches or local resources, this attribute must return the same value as fetchStart.
fetchStart
of type unsigned long long, readonly If the new resource is to be fetched using HTTP GET or equivalent, fetchStart must return the time immediately before the user agent starts checking any relevant application caches. Otherwise, it must return the time when the user agent starts fetching the resource.
loadEventEnd
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time when the load event of the current document is completed. It must return zero when the load event is not fired or is not completed.
loadEventStart
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately before the load event of the current document is fired. It must return zero when the load event is not fired yet.
This attribute must return the time immediately after the user agent finishes prompting to unload the previous document. If there is no previous document, this attribute must return the time the current document is created.
redirectEnd
of type unsigned long long, readonly If there are HTTP redirects or equivalent when navigating and all redirects and equivalents are from the same origin, this attribute must return the time immediately after receiving the last byte of the response of the last redirect. Otherwise, this attribute must return zero.
redirectStart
of type unsigned long long, readonly If there are HTTP redirects or equivalent when navigating and if all the redirects or equivalent are from the same origin, this attribute must return the starting time of the fetch that initiates the redirect. Otherwise, this attribute must return zero.
requestStart
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately before the user agent starts requesting the current document from the server, or from relevant application caches or from local resources.
If the transport connection fails after a request is sent and the user agent reopens a connection and resend the request, requestStart should return the corresponding values of the new request.
This interface does not include an attribute to represent the completion of sending the request, e.g., requestEnd.
responseEnd
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately after the user agent receives the last byte of the current document or immediately before the transport connection is closed, whichever comes first. The document here can be received either from the server, relevant application caches or from local resources.
responseStart
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute must return the time immediately after the user agent receives the first byte of the response from the server, or from relevant application caches or from local resources.
secureConnectionStart
of type unsigned long long, readonly This attribute is optional. User agents that don't have this attribute available must set it as undefined. When this attribute is available, if the scheme of the current page is HTTPS, this attribute must return the time immediately before the user agent starts the handshake process to secure the current connection. If this attribute is available but HTTPS is not used, this attribute must return zero.
unloadEventEnd
of type unsigned long long, readonly If the previous document and the current document have the same same origin, this attribute must return the time immediately after the user agent finishes the unload event of the previous document. If there is no previous document or the previous document has a different origin than the current document or the unload is not yet completed, this attribute must return zero.
If there are HTTP redirects or equivalent when navigating and not all the redirects or equivalent are from the same origin, both unloadEventStart and unloadEventEnd must return the zero.
unloadEventStart
of type unsigned long long, readonly If the previous document and the current document have the same origin [RFC6454], this attribute must return the time immediately before the user agent starts the unload event of the previous document. If there is no previous document or the previous document has a different origin than the current document, this attribute must return zero.
Instances of this interface are serialized as a map with entries for each of the serializable attributes.
Performance
interface[Exposed=Window]
partial interface Performance {
[SameObject]
readonly attribute PerformanceTiming
timing;
[SameObject]
readonly attribute PerformanceNavigation
navigation;
};
The navigation
attribute is defined by the PerformanceNavigation
interface.
timing
of type PerformanceTiming
, readonly
The timing
attribute
represents the timing information related to the browsing contexts since the
last non-redirect navigation. This attribute is defined by the PerformanceTiming
interface.
We would like to offer our sincere thanks to James Simonsen, Tony Gentilcore, Zhiheng Wang, Karen Anderson and Jason Weber for all their contributions to this work.