This section describes the status of this document at the
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1.
Validation
- Editors:
- Ben Chang, Oracle
- Joe Kesselman, IBM (until September 2001)
- Rezaur Rahman, Intel Corporation (until July 2001)
1.1 Overview
This chapter describes the optional DOM Level 3 Validation
feature. This module provides Application Programming Interfaces
(APIs) to guide construction and editing of XML documents. Examples
of such guided editing are queries like those that combine
questions like "what does the schema allow me to insert/delete
here" and "if I insert/delete here, will the document still be
valid."
To aid users in the editing and creation of XML documents, other
queries may expose different levels of details, e.g., all the
possible children, those which would be valid given what precedes
this point, lists of defined symbols of a given kind. Some of these
queries would prompt checks and warn users if they're about to
conflict with or overwrite such data.
Finally, users would like to validate an edited or newly
constructed document before serializing it or passing it to other
users. They may edit, come up with an invalid document, then edit
again to result in a valid document. During this process, these
APIs can allow the user to check the validity of the document or
subtree on demand. If necessary, these APIs can also require that
the document or subtree remain valid during this editing process
via the DocumentEditVal.continuousValidityChecking
flag.
A DOM application can use the hasFeature(feature,
version) method of the DOMImplementation
interface to determine with parameter values
"Validation" and "3.0", respectively,
whether or not these interfaces are supported by the
implementation. This implementation is dependent on [DOM Level 2
Core] and the [DOM Level 3 Core]
DOMConfiguration interface.
This chapter focuses on the editing aspects used in the XML
document editing world and usage of such information. The appendix
describes in detail all the possible outcomes of the validation
operations on the different node types.
1.2 Exceptions
This section describes the "VAL-DOC-EDIT" exceptions.
- Exception ExceptionVAL
-
Some Validation operations may throw an ExceptionVAL as
described in their descriptions.
IDL Definition-
- Definition group ExceptionVALCode
-
An integer indicating the type of error generated.
- Defined Constants
-
NO_SCHEMA_AVAILABLE_ERR- This error occurs when the operation cannot complete due to an
unavailable schema.
1.3 Document
Editing Interfaces
This section contains "Document Editing" methods as described in
the DocumentEditVAL,
NodeEditVAL,
ElementEditVAL,
and CharacterDataEditVAL
interfaces. References to new [DOM Level 3 Core] interfaces such as
DOMStringList and NameList also exist.
With the latter interface, if the schema is a DTD, the element
information item names are simply local names; if the schema is a
W3C XML schema, the names are qualified names, which may contain
namespace prefixes.
- Interface DocumentEditVAL
-
This interface extends the NodeEditVAL
interface with additional methods for document editing. An object
implementing this interface must also implement the
Document interface.
IDL Definition-
- Attributes
-
continuousValidityChecking
of type boolean- An attribute specifying whether the validity of the document is
continuously enforced. When the attribute is set to
true, the implementation may raise certain exceptions,
depending on the situation (see the following). This attribute is
false by default.
Exceptions on setting
|
DOMException
|
NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR: Raised if the implementation does not support
setting this attribute to true.
|
|
ExceptionVAL
|
NO_SCHEMA_AVAILABLE_ERR: Raised if this attribute is set to
true and a schema is unavailable.
|
|
DOMException
|
VALIDATION_ERR: Raised if an operation makes this document not
compliant with the VAL_INCOMPLETE validity type or the
document is invalid, and this attribute is set to
true.
|
domConfig of type
DOMConfiguration, readonly- This allows the setting of the error handler, as described in
the [DOM
Level 3 Core]
DOMConfiguration interface. An
object implementing this DocumentEditVAL interface and
the [DOM
Level 3 Core] Document interface, which also has a
domConfig attribute, needs to only implement this
attribute once.
- Methods
-
getDefinedElements-
Returns list of all element information item
names of
global
declaration, belonging to the specified namespace.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type
DOMStringnamespaceURI of namespace. For DTDs, this is
null.
Return Value
|
NameList
|
List of all element information item names belonging to the
specified namespace or null if no schema is
available.
|
No Exceptions
validateDocument-
Validates the document against the schema,
e.g., a DTD or an W3C XML schema or another. Any attempt to modify
any part of the document while validating results in
implementation-dependent behavior. In addition, the validation
operation itself cannot modify the document, e.g., for default
attributes. This method makes use of the error handler, as
described in the [
DOM Level 3 Core]
DOMConfiguration interface, with all errors being
SEVERITY_ERROR as defined in the
DOMError
interface.
No Parameters
No Exceptions
- Interface NodeEditVAL
-
This interface is similar to the [DOM Level 3 Core] Node
interface, with methods for guided document editing.
IDL Definition-
- Definition group validationType
-
An integer indicating the validation type. Other specifications
can define stricter validation types/constants by extending the
NodeEditVAL interface.
- Defined Constants
-
VAL_INCOMPLETE- Check if the node's immediate children are those expected by
the content model. This node's trailing required children could be
missing. It includes
VAL_NS_WF.
VAL_NS_WF- Check if the node is namespace
well-formed.
VAL_SCHEMA- Check if the node's entire subtree are those expected by the
content model. It includes
VAL_NS_WF.
VAL_WF- Check if the node is well-formed.
- Definition group validationState
-
An integer indicating the validation state, or whether the
operation can or cannot be done.
- Defined Constants
-
VAL_FALSE- False if the node is invalid with regards to the operation, or
if the operation cannot be done.
VAL_TRUE- True if the node is valid with regards to the operation, or if
the operation can be done.
VAL_UNKNOWN- The validity of the node is unknown.
- Attributes
-
defaultValue of
type DOMString, readonly- The default value specified in an attribute or an element
declaration or
null if unspecified. If the schema is a
W3C XML schema, this is the canonical lexical representation of the
default value.
enumeratedValues
of type DOMStringList, readonly- A
DOMStringList, as described in [DOM Level 3
Core], of distinct values for an attribute or an element
declaration or null if unspecified. If the schema is a
W3C XML schema, this is a list of strings which are lexical
representations corresponding to the values in the [value] property
of the enumeration component for the type of the attribute or
element. It is recommended that the canonical lexical
representations of the values be used.
- Methods
-
canAppendChild-
Determines whether the
Node.appendChild operation would make this document
not compliant with the
VAL_INCOMPLETE validity type.
Parameters
newChild of type
NodeNode to be appended.
No Exceptions
canInsertBefore-
Determines whether the
Node.insertBefore operation would make this document
not compliant with the
VAL_INCOMPLETE validity type.
Parameters
newChild of type
NodeNode to be inserted.
refChild of type
Node- Reference
Node.
No Exceptions
canRemoveChild-
Determines whether the
Node.removeChild operation would make this document
not compliant with the
VAL_INCOMPLETE validity type.
Parameters
oldChild of type
NodeNode to be removed.
No Exceptions
canReplaceChild-
Determines whether the
Node.replaceChild operation would make this document
not compliant with the
VAL_INCOMPLETE validity type.
Parameters
newChild of type
Node- New
Node.
oldChild of type
NodeNode to be replaced.
No Exceptions
nodeValidity-
Determines if the node is valid relative to the
validation type
specified in
valType. This operation doesn't normalize
before checking if it is valid. To do so, one would need to
explicitly call a normalize method. The difference between this
method and the
DocumentEditVAL.validateDocument
method is that the latter method only checks to determine whether
the entire document is valid.
Parameters
valType of type
unsigned short- Flag to indicate the validation type
checking to be done.
No Exceptions
- Interface ElementEditVAL
-
This interface extends the NodeEditVAL
interface with additional methods for guided document editing. An
object implementing this interface must also implement the
Element interface.
This interface also has attributes that are a
NameList of elements or attributes which can appear in
the specified context. Some schema languages, i.e., W3C
XML schema, define wildcards which provide for validation of
attribute and element information items dependent on their
namespace names but independent of their local names.
To expose wildcards, the NameList returns the
values that represent the namespace
constraint:
{namespaceURI, name} is {null, ##any}
if any;{namespaceURI, name} is {namespace_a,
##other} if not and a namespace name
(namespace_a);{namespaceURI, name} is {null,
##other} if not and absent;- Pairs of
{namespaceURI, name} with values
{a_namespaceURI | null, null} if a set whose
members are either namespace names or absent.
IDL Definition-
- Definition group ContentTypeVAL
-
An integer indicating the content type of an element.
- Defined Constants
-
VAL_ANY_CONTENTTYPE- The content model contains unordered child information item(s),
i.e., element, processing instruction, unexpanded entity reference,
character, and comment information items as defined in the
XML
Information Set. If the schema is a DTD, this corresponds to
the
ANY content model.
-
VAL_ELEMENTS_CONTENTTYPE
- The content model contains a sequence of element
information items optionally separated by whitespace. If the
schema is a DTD, this is the
element content content
model; and if the schema is a W3C XML schema, this is the
element-only content type.
-
VAL_EMPTY_CONTENTTYPE
- The content model does not allow any content. If the
schema is a W3C XML schema, this corresponds to the
empty content type; and if the schema is a DTD, this
corresponds to the EMPTY content model.
-
VAL_MIXED_CONTENTTYPE
- The content model contains a sequence of ordered element
information items optionally interspersed with character data.
If the schema is a W3C XML schema, this corresponds to the
mixed content type.
VAL_SIMPLE_CONTENTTYPE- The content model contains character
information items. If the schema is a W3C XML schema, then the
element has a content type of
VAL_SIMPLE_CONTENTTYPE
if the type of the element is a simple type
definition, or the type of the element is a
complexType whose {content type} is a
simple type definition.
- Attributes
-
allowedAttributes
of type NameList, readonly- A
NameList, as described in [DOM Level 3
Core], of all possible attribute information items or wildcards that can
appear as attributes of this element, or null if this
element has no context or schema. Duplicate pairs of {namespaceURI,
name} are eliminated.
allowedChildren
of type NameList, readonly- A
NameList, as described in [DOM Level 3
Core], of all possible element information items or wildcards that can
appear as children of this element, or null if this
element has no context or schema. Duplicate pairs of {namespaceURI,
name} are eliminated.
allowedFirstChildren
of type NameList, readonly- A
NameList, as described in [DOM Level 3
Core], of all possible element information items or wildcards that can
appear as a first child of this element, or null if
this element has no context or schema. Duplicate pairs of
{namespaceURI, name} are eliminated.
allowedNextSiblings
of type NameList, readonly- A
NameList, as described in [DOM Level 3
Core], of all element information items or wildcards that
can be inserted as a next sibling of this element, or
null if this element has no context or schema.
Duplicate pairs of {namespaceURI, name} are eliminated.
allowedParents
of type NameList, readonly- A
NameList, as described in [DOM Level 3
Core], of all possible element information items that can
appear as a parent this element, or null if this
element has no context or schema.
allowedPreviousSiblings
of type NameList, readonly- A
NameList, as described in [DOM Level 3
Core], of all element information items or wildcards that
can be inserted as a previous sibling of this element, or
null if this element has no context or
schema.
contentType of type unsigned short,
readonly- The content type of an element as defined above.
requiredAttributes
of type NameList, readonly- A
NameList, as described in [DOM Level 3
Core], of required attribute information items that must appear
on this element, or null if this element has no
context or schema.
- Methods
-
canRemoveAttribute-
Verifies if an attribute by the given name can
be removed.
Parameters
attrname of type
DOMString- Name of attribute.
No Exceptions
canRemoveAttributeNS-
Verifies if an attribute by the given local
name and namespace can be removed.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type
DOMString- The namespace URI of the attribute to remove.
localName of type
DOMString- Local name of the attribute to be removed.
No Exceptions
canRemoveAttributeNode-
Determines if an attribute node can be removed.
Parameters
attrNode of type
Node- The
Attr node to remove from the attribute
list.
No Exceptions
canSetAttribute-
Determines if the value for specified attribute
can be set.
Parameters
attrname of type
DOMString- Name of attribute.
attrval of type
DOMString- Value to be assigned to the attribute.
No Exceptions
canSetAttributeNS-
Determines if the attribute with given
namespace and qualified name can be created if not already present
in the attribute list of the element. If the attribute with the
same qualified name and namespaceURI is already present in the
element's attribute list, it tests whether the value of the
attribute and its prefix can be set to the new value.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type
DOMStringnamespaceURI of namespace.
qualifiedName of type
DOMString- Qualified name of attribute.
value of type
DOMString- Value to be assigned to the attribute.
No Exceptions
canSetAttributeNode-
Determines if an attribute node can be added.
Parameters
attrNode of type
AttrNode in which the attribute can possibly be
set.
No Exceptions
canSetTextContent-
Determines if the text content of this node and
its descendants can be set to the string passed in.
Parameters
possibleTextContent of type
DOMString- Possible text content string.
No Exceptions
isElementDefined-
Determines if
name is defined in
the schema. This only applies to
global declarations. This
method is for non-namespace aware schemas.
Parameters
name of type
DOMString- Name of element.
No Exceptions
isElementDefinedNS-
Determines if
name in this
namespace is defined in the current context. Thus not only does
this apply to
global
declarations. but depending on the content, this may also apply
to local definitions. This method is for namespace aware schemas.
Parameters
namespaceURI of type
DOMStringnamespaceURI of namespace.
name of type
DOMString- Name of element.
No Exceptions
- Interface CharacterDataEditVAL
-
This interface extends the NodeEditVAL
interface with additional methods for document editing. An object
implementing this interface must also implement
CharacterData interface. When validating
CharacterData nodes, the NodeEditVAL.nodeValidity
operation must find the nearest parent node in order to do this; if
no parent node is found, VAL_UNKNOWN
is returned. In addition, when VAL_INCOMPLETE
is passed in as an argument to the NodeEditVAL.nodeValidity
operation to operate on such nodes, the operation considers all the
text and not just some of it.
IDL Definition-
- Methods
-
canAppendData-
Determines if character data can be appended.
Parameters
arg of type
DOMString- Data to be appended.
No Exceptions
canDeleteData-
Determines if character data can be deleted.
Parameters
offset of type
unsigned long- Offset.
count of type
unsigned long- Number of 16-bit units to delete.
Exceptions
|
DOMException
|
INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset is negative or
greater than the number of 16-bit units in data, or if the
specified count is negative.
|
canInsertData-
Determines if character data can be inserted.
Parameters
offset of type
unsigned long- Offset.
arg of type
DOMString- Argument to be set.
Exceptions
|
DOMException
|
INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset is negative or
greater than the number of 16-bit units in data.
|
canReplaceData-
Determines if character data can be replaced.
Parameters
offset of type
unsigned long- Offset.
count of type
unsigned long- Replacement.
arg of type
DOMString- Argument to be set.
Exceptions
|
DOMException
|
INDEX_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the specified offset is negative or
greater than the number of 16-bit units in data, or if the
specified count is negative.
|
canSetData-
Determines if character data can be set.
Parameters
arg of type
DOMString- Argument to be set.
No Exceptions
isWhitespaceOnly-
Determines if character data is only
whitespace.
No Parameters
No Exceptions
Appendix C:
Java Language Binding
This appendix contains the complete Java
[Java]
bindings for the Level 3 Document Object Model Validation.
The Java files are also available as http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Val-20040127/java-binding.zip
org/w3c/dom/validation/ExceptionVAL.java:
package org.w3c.dom.validation;
public class ExceptionVAL extends RuntimeException {
public ExceptionVAL(short code, String message) {
super(message);
this.code = code;
}
public short code;
// ExceptionVALCode
public static final short NO_SCHEMA_AVAILABLE_ERR = 71;
}
org/w3c/dom/validation/DocumentEditVAL.java:
package org.w3c.dom.validation;
import org.w3c.dom.DOMConfiguration;
import org.w3c.dom.DOMException;
import org.w3c.dom.NameList;
public interface DocumentEditVAL extends NodeEditVAL {
public boolean getContinuousValidityChecking();
public void setContinuousValidityChecking(boolean continuousValidityChecking)
throws DOMException, ExceptionVAL, DOMException;
public DOMConfiguration getDomConfig();
public NameList getDefinedElements(String namespaceURI);
public short validateDocument();
}
org/w3c/dom/validation/NodeEditVAL.java:
package org.w3c.dom.validation;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.DOMStringList;
public interface NodeEditVAL {
// validationType
public static final short VAL_WF = 1;
public static final short VAL_NS_WF = 2;
public static final short VAL_INCOMPLETE = 3;
public static final short VAL_SCHEMA = 4;
// validationState
public static final short VAL_TRUE = 5;
public static final short VAL_FALSE = 6;
public static final short VAL_UNKNOWN = 7;
public String getDefaultValue();
public DOMStringList getEnumeratedValues();
public short canInsertBefore(Node newChild,
Node refChild);
public short canRemoveChild(Node oldChild);
public short canReplaceChild(Node newChild,
Node oldChild);
public short canAppendChild(Node newChild);
public short nodeValidity(short valType);
}
org/w3c/dom/validation/ElementEditVAL.java:
package org.w3c.dom.validation;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.NameList;
public interface ElementEditVAL extends NodeEditVAL {
// ContentTypeVAL
public static final short VAL_EMPTY_CONTENTTYPE = 1;
public static final short VAL_ANY_CONTENTTYPE = 2;
public static final short VAL_MIXED_CONTENTTYPE = 3;
public static final short VAL_ELEMENTS_CONTENTTYPE = 4;
public static final short VAL_SIMPLE_CONTENTTYPE = 5;
public NameList getAllowedChildren();
public NameList getAllowedFirstChildren();
public NameList getAllowedParents();
public NameList getAllowedNextSiblings();
public NameList getAllowedPreviousSiblings();
public NameList getAllowedAttributes();
public NameList getRequiredAttributes();
public short getContentType();
public short canSetTextContent(String possibleTextContent);
public short canSetAttribute(String attrname,
String attrval);
public short canSetAttributeNode(Attr attrNode);
public short canSetAttributeNS(String namespaceURI,
String qualifiedName,
String value);
public short canRemoveAttribute(String attrname);
public short canRemoveAttributeNS(String namespaceURI,
String localName);
public short canRemoveAttributeNode(Node attrNode);
public short isElementDefined(String name);
public short isElementDefinedNS(String namespaceURI,
String name);
}
org/w3c/dom/validation/CharacterDataEditVAL.java:
package org.w3c.dom.validation;
import org.w3c.dom.DOMException;
public interface CharacterDataEditVAL extends NodeEditVAL {
public short isWhitespaceOnly();
public short canSetData(String arg);
public short canAppendData(String arg);
public short canReplaceData(int offset,
int count,
String arg)
throws DOMException;
public short canInsertData(int offset,
String arg)
throws DOMException;
public short canDeleteData(int offset,
int count)
throws DOMException;
}
Appendix E:
Acknowledgements
Many people contributed to the DOM specifications
(Level 1, 2 or 3), including participants of the DOM Working Group
and the DOM Interest Group. We especially thank the following:
Andrew Clover, Andrew Watson (Object Management Group), Andy
Heninger (IBM), Angel Diaz (IBM), Arnaud Le Hors (W3C and IBM),
Ashok Malhotra (IBM and Microsoft), Ben Chang (Oracle), Bill Smith
(Sun), Bill Shea (Merrill Lynch), Bob Sutor (IBM), Chris Lovett
(Microsoft), Chris Wilson (Microsoft), David Brownell (Sun), David
Ezell (Hewlett-Packard Company), David Singer (IBM), Dimitris
Dimitriadis (Improve AB and invited expert), Don Park (invited),
Elena Litani (IBM), Eric Vasilik (Microsoft), Gavin Nicol (INSO),
Ian Jacobs (W3C), James Clark (invited), James Davidson (Sun),
Jared Sorensen (Novell), Jeroen van Rotterdam (X-Hive Corporation),
Joe Kesselman (IBM), Joe Lapp (webMethods), Joe Marini
(Macromedia), Johnny Stenback (Netscape/AOL), Jon Ferraiolo
(Adobe), Jonathan Marsh (Microsoft), Jonathan Robie (Texcel
Research and Software AG), Kim Adamson-Sharpe (SoftQuad Software
Inc.), Lauren Wood (SoftQuad Software Inc., former Chair),
Laurence Cable (Sun), Mark Davis (IBM), Mark Scardina (Oracle),
Martin Dürst (W3C), Mary Brady (NIST), Mick Goulish (Software
AG), Mike Champion (Arbortext and Software AG), Miles Sabin
(Cromwell Media), Patti Lutsky (Arbortext), Paul Grosso
(Arbortext), Peter Sharpe (SoftQuad Software Inc.), Phil Karlton
(Netscape), Philippe Le Hégaret (W3C, W3C Team Contact and
former Chair), Ramesh Lekshmynarayanan (Merrill Lynch), Ray
Whitmer (iMall, Excite@Home, and Netscape/AOL, Chair),
Rezaur Rahman (Intel), Rich Rollman (Microsoft), Rick Gessner
(Netscape), Rick Jelliffe (invited), Rob Relyea (Microsoft), Scott
Isaacs (Microsoft), Sharon Adler (INSO), Steve Byrne (JavaSoft),
Tim Bray (invited), Tim Yu (Oracle), Tom Pixley (Netscape/AOL),
Vidur Apparao (Netscape), Vinod Anupam (Lucent).
Thanks to all those who have helped to improve this
specification by sending suggestions and corrections (Please, keep
bugging us with your issues!).
Special thanks to the DOM Conformance Test Suites
contributors: Curt Arnold, Fred Drake, Mary Brady (NIST), Rick
Rivello (NIST), Robert Clary (Netscape).
E.1
Production Systems
This specification was written in XML. The HTML, OMG IDL, Java
and ECMAScript bindings were all produced automatically.
Thanks to Joe English, author of cost, which was used as the
basis for producing DOM Level 1. Thanks also to Gavin Nicol, who
wrote the scripts which run on top of cost. Arnaud Le Hors and
Philippe Le Hégaret maintained the scripts.
After DOM Level 1, we used Xerces as the basis DOM
implementation and wish to thank the authors. Philippe Le
Hégaret and Arnaud Le Hors wrote the
Java programs which are the DOM application.
Thanks also to Jan Kärrman, author of html2ps, which we
use in creating the PostScript version of the specification.